Learn how trees are able to communicate with each other through a vast root system and symbiotic fungi, called mycorrhizae.
Most of the forest lives in the shadow of the giants that make up the highest canopy. These are the oldest trees, with hundreds of children and grandchildren. They check in with their neighbors, share food, supplies and wisdom gained over their lives, all while rooted in place. How do they do this? Camille Defrenne and Suzanne Simard explore the vast root system and intricate communication of trees.
Lesson by Camille Defrenne and Suzanne Simard, directed by Avi Ofer.
We all love the sunshine so Dr Chris Steele MBE explains what benefits can be felt by a bit of warm sunlight on our skin.
As the seasons change, the prospect of a few days of sunshine and increasingly warm temperatures are lifting our mood and encouraging more of us to spend time outdoors. But we are constantly being told that it can be dangerous to expose our bodies to the threat of skin cancer.
However, scientists are now discovering a positive side to sun-worshipping. Research has found that sunshine can actually help us lose weight and live longer. A study by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm looked at over 29,000 Swedish women aged between 25 and 64 years old. Their sunbathing habits were recorded over a period of 20 years. Even taking the skin cancer risk fully into account, the researchers found that getting a good dose of sunshine led to healthier, happier and longer lives.
The research indicates that sunlight may protect us from a wide range of conditions such as obesity, heart attacks, stroke, multiple sclerosis and asthma. Sunshine also boosts our mood and libido.
The benefits of vitamin D from sunlight have been well documented and you can read some of our articles on the subject by typing the words into our Search Box on the home page. But the scientists found that these additional benefits were not simply about vitamin D. They now believe that exposure to the sun prompts our bodies to produce nitric oxide which helps protect our cardiovascular system and serotonin which helps boost our mood.
The research was published in the Journal of Internal Medicine in March and concluded that, not only were women with "active sun exposure habits" at a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, but that avoiding the sun can be as bad as smoking.
The study said: "Non-smokers who avoided sun exposure had a life expectancy similar to smokers in the highest sun exposure group, indicating that avoidance of sun exposure is a risk factor for death of a similar magnitude as smoking."
In another study published last year, Dr Richard Weller from Edinburgh University warned that older people in particular need to get out into the sun more. His team established that exposure to sunlight may lower people's blood pressure and thus cut their risk of heart attack and stroke. This benefit has nothing to do with vitamin D.
Dr Weller went on to say: "There is a correlation between more sun and less disease in a variety of conditions such as multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis."
How can sunlight help with obesity?
Scientists from the Universities of Edinburgh and Southampton found that sunlight may suppress the development of obesity and the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. Mice, which were on high fat diets, were exposed to ultra violet light. The results showed that the ultraviolet radiation boosted the production of nitric oxide. The suggestion is that without enough nitric acid in the bloodstream, insulin may not work properly, allowing diabetes to set in.
What other benefits have been found?
Other research indicates that being exposed to sunlight may reduce our risk of stroke. In an analysis of more than 16,000 people in the US, researchers at the University of Alabama found that the more sunshine someone experienced, the lower their risk of stroke.
Research from Uppsala University in Sweden showed that sunlight stimulates sensors in the retina which regulate our body clock. This in turn regulates the amount of melatonin that our bodies release. A disruption in the level of this sleep hormone is linked to depression, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Sunlight also helps lift men's libido by raising the level of the male sex hormone, testosterone.
Finally it would seem that a balanced approach to sun exposure is needed. Experts advise that no more than 20 to 30 minutes of exposure to full sun in the middle of the day is safe.
A new study says living near green space can help women live longer and improve their mental health.
"This was a large survey of nurses who were asked about where they live and how much green space nearby," explains Dr. Vandana Bhide, a Mayo Clinic internal medicine specialist, who was not part of the research. "Results suggest people who live in the greenest areas actually had a lower death rate."
Study authors believe the findings would be similar in men.
In this Mayo Clinic Minute, Dr. Bhide highlights more of the study's results and explains how they can inspire a healthier life. Jeff Olsen reports.
English oak (Quercus robur) is arguably the best known and loved of British native trees. It is the most common tree species in the UK, especially in southern and central British deciduous woods.
Your eyes get heavy and gradually close… But wait! It’s only lunch time and you still have so much to do. Would taking a nap help? Or would it derail your day? Well, that depends on a few things— especially what stages of sleep the nap includes. Sara C. Mednick details the cognitive benefits of napping, and explores the optimal length and time of day for a quick snooze.
A new study says living near green space can help women live longer and improve their mental health.
"This was a large survey of nurses who were asked about where they live and how much green space nearby," explains Dr. Vandana Bhide, a Mayo Clinic internal medicine specialist, who was not part of the research. "Results suggest people who live in the greenest areas actually had a lower death rate."
Study authors believe the findings would be similar in men.
In this Mayo Clinic Minute, Dr. Bhide highlights more of the study's results and explains how they can inspire a healthier life. Jeff Olsen reports.
Discover the phenomenon known as asymmetrical sleep, where parts of an animal's brain are asleep while other areas remain active.
Many animals need sleep. But all of the threats and demands animals face don’t just go away when it’s time to doze. That’s why a range of birds, mammals, and even humans experience some degree of asymmetrical sleep, where parts of the brain are asleep and other areas are more active. So, how does it work? Masako Tamaki explores how animals' brains remain vigilant even at their most vulnerable.
Lesson by Masako Tamaki, directed by Biljana Labović.
Animated by Iva Ćirić, designed by Manja Ćirić.
